国立国語研究所
催し物 (2009年度～2021年度)

「接触方言学による「言語変容類型論」の構築」研究発表会

プロジェクト名

接触方言学による「言語変容類型論」の構築 (略称 : 接触方言)

リーダー名

朝日 祥之 (国立国語研究所 時空間変異研究系 准教授)

開催期日

平成24年3月19日 (月) 15:00～17:00

開催場所

国立国語研究所 3階 セミナー室

「言語変容類型論」構築に向けて朝日 祥之 (国立国語研究所)

本発表では，プロジェクトのテーマである「言語変容類型論」の構築に関して，プロジェクトで実施した調査研究，ならびに関連する研究を参照しながら現時点での類型化を試みる。具体的には，北海道 (札幌市，釧路市，富良野市) ，鶴岡，岡崎，西神ニュータウン，奈良田，秋山郷，福岡，鹿児島で実施された調査結果を活用し，類型化に必要な要素 (接触の度合い，コミュニティのサイズ，人口の流動性，ネットワーク構造，共有情報の量等) と言語構造との関係について考察を行う。

Synchronic and diachronic variation of spatial "frames of reference" ( FOR) in Japanese wayfinding discourseKATAOKA Kuniyoshi (Aichi University)

By focusing on everyday use of spatial “frames of reference” (hereafter FOR; Levinson 2003, Kataoka 2005) in route-finding instruction, I point to the seemingly contradictory ongoing trends in the preference for FOR- based and deixis-based spatial expressions in contemporary Japan. For this purpose, I examine data obtained from three longitudinal surveys conducted by the National Institute for Japanese Language in 1953, 1972, and 2008. The case in point for the analysis are expressions considered as “Extrinsic” (Levinson’s “absolute” FOR: e.g., “X to the north of Y”), “Intrinsic” (Levinson’s “relative/intrinsic” FOR: e.g., “X to the right of Y” or “Y’s right”), and deictic (e.g., “here/there/over there”) used in a wayfinding activity which requires spatial guidance from a local train station to a nearby landmark. For the current purpose, the data were statistically analyzed using the VARBRUL program, and the results show that (1) synchronically, the FOR preferred among community members is changing from Intrinsic to Extrinsic over the age categories (i.e. toward the local norm); and (2) diachronically, there is a reverse trend promoting the use of Intrinsic FOR toward the modernized and globalized world (i.e. for the “linguistic marketplace”) over the past century; and finally, (3) there is a complementary decrease in the use of deictic expressions as the community-wide preference for Intrinsic FOR expressions prevails. In sum, I claim that language can both synchronically and diachronically exhibit variable preferences of FOR, but in a highly systematic manner in this particular context, revealing broader issues related to historical change and perspective-taking in general.

References:
Kataoka, K. (2005). Variability of spatial frames of reference in the wayfinding discourse on commercial signboards. Language in Society 34: 593-632.
Levinson, S.C. (2003). Space in Language and Cognition: Explorations in Cognitive Diversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.